Definition of PCOS

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder which was first described by doctors in the 1930s. It is sometimes referred to as "hyperandrogen anovulation syndrome" or "Stein Leventhal Syndrome".

If you have PCOS you may have symptoms such as:

• Periods that are irregular, infrequent or heavy
• Difficulty in becoming pregnant
• Immature ovarian eggs that do not ovulate, forming small follicles. Follicles are small fluid filled sacs on the ovaries.
• Weight gain and an increase in fat, especially around the abdomen or tummy area
• Excessive facial or body hair
• Acne on both the face and the body
• Prediabetes or diabetes
• Higher levels of blood fats

How common is PCOS?

Studies from Australia and overseas show that up to 10 per cent of all women of reproductive age (post puberty and pre-menopausal) have PCOS.

What causes PCOS?

The cause of PCOS is unknown. There appears to be a contribution from a woman's genetics (i.e. a hereditary component passed down through their family) and from her lifestyle or environment.  (For more information see Causes)

Polycystic ovaries

Up to 25 per cent of women of reproductive age can have polycystic ovaries (PCO) on ultrasound with no other symptoms of PCOS. These women either have no other symptoms of PCOS or have very mild symptoms and are therefore not classified as having the ‘syndrome' called PCOS.

Content Updated June 06, 2008